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English to Italian: Ethical issues in forensic psychology and psychiatry General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Psychology
Source text - English Summary
Ethical issues in forensic practice have come into very sharp focus within the past year with the revelation that several psychologists were involved in the torture of detainees at Guantanamo. There was clearly great concern regarding the misuse of psychological tests and interventions in the service of torturing inmates. For instance, psychologists took techniques that had never been used in an interrogation and recklessly applied them to coercive interrogations, without any empirical evidence that these techniques were effective in such a setting. In addition, psychological testing was used to determine who was in need of “enhanced interrogation”, again an area, which had no basis in research, in addition to the well-established ethical standard to do no harm. It was therefore, unethical at several levels. All of the mental health professions have in their ethics codes or specialty guidelines, statements regarding taking reasonable steps to avoid harming not only patients but also others with whom they may work. While this issue of involvement in torture is the most glaring example, we will also consider less dramatic instances, such as those where mental health professionals conduct assessments and treatments without really thinking through the consequences of these assessments. Several examples of these will be considered in detail including the use of assessments and treatments in competency for execution settings, and the involuntary commitment of “sex predators” based on assessment instruments with very limited validity. Some of the codes of ethics will be compared and contrasted to examine how extensively these problems are considered or where they may in fact be omitted.
Translation - Italian Riassunto
Durante lo scorso anno, i problemi etici nella pratica forense sono divenuti il centro dell’attenzione in seguito alla scoperta che numerosi psicologi sono stati coinvolti nella tortura di detenuti a Guantanamo.
C’è stata chiaramente grande preoccupazione riguardo il cattivo utilizzo di test e interventi psicologici, prestati al servizio della tortura dei detenuti.
Per esempio, gli psicologi hanno impiegato tecniche che non sono mai state utilizzate in un interrogatorio, applicandole irresponsabilmente a interrogatori coercitivi, senza avere alcuna evidenza empirica del fatto che queste tecniche fossero efficaci in un simile contesto.
Inoltre, test psicologici sono stati utilizzati per determinare chi avesse bisogno di “interrogatori intensificati”, un ambito che -di nuovo- non trova basi nella ricerca, in aggiunta al ben fondato standard etico di non cagionare alcun danno.
Pertanto, è da considerarsi non etico su vari livelli.
Tutte le professioni della salute mentale possiedono nel loro codice etico o nelle loro linee guida specialistiche, dichiarazioni che riguardano la presa di misure ragionevoli per evitare di arrecare danno non solo ai pazienti, ma anche a coloro che potrebbero lavorare con loro.
Sebbene la questione del coinvolgimento nella tortura fornisca un esempio lampante, andremo a considerare anche casi meno drammatici, come quelli in cui professionisti della salute mentale conducono valutazioni e trattamenti senza effettivamente pensare alle conseguenze di tali valutazioni.
Diversi esempi simili saranno presi in considerazione in dettaglio, incluso l’utilizzo di valutazioni e trattamenti di competenza nei contesti di esecuzione, e l’internamento involontario di “predatori sessuali” basato su strumenti di valutazione con validità molto limitata.
Alcuni dei codici etici saranno confrontati e contrapposti per esaminare quanto ampiamente questi problemi siano valutati e se, effettivamente, possano essere stati trascurati.
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Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2024. Became a member: Apr 2024.
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Bio
My name is Serena, I was born in Italy but I lived in California in the past 5 years.
I studied English, French and German in high school and I got a master degree in Clinical Psychology, Neuroscience, and Social Psychology.
My greatest passion is reading, I have an Instagram page called offthebooksreviews where I write books reviews both in English and Italian. I'm also a cinephile.
Keywords: Italian, English, translator, Psychology, Social Science
Member since Apr '24
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